Hobbe's notion of political obligation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hobbe's idea of political commitment - Essay Example An appropriate understanding into Hobbes’ idea of political commitment or the ethical lead that each individual must have towards political request has been given inside the extent of this paper. Each man has an ethical obligation to comply with the rules that everyone must follow that he is limited by; this is the idea of political commitment. As per Hobbes, people met up as an implicit agreement so as to live in a common society in a refined way. Hobbes introduced this condition of nature in the setting of the American Civil War in 1651 where life was brutish, poor, dreadful, lone and shocking for each man. In this way, he hypothesized the hypothesis of a sovereign focal force being there to control everybody and furnish them with specific rights and obligations simultaneously. Political obligation has been supposed to be one of man’s fundamental commitments; something that he will undoubtedly follow and do so as to serve the State. Political commitment is in this man ner a commitment or an obligation that each resident having a place with a State has, to adhere to the law and live by the guidelines that have been set down in the land. Any individual who has a commitment to comply with the law in this manner has an ethical obligation to release, at any rate when there are no superseding moral contemplations that legitimize noncompliance. Commitment may vary from an obligation or a feeling of profound quality to be careful in various manners, the most straightforward of the reasons being that commitment is an impulse or a ‘moral’ right of a man to do an obligation. For Hobbes, the implicit agreement hypothesis implied that each man would have his own privileges and powers and opportunity and would not be confined by others living inside a similar society. Be that as it may, he would need to follow the sovereign authority of the state and would be committed to infer and comply with the law from the assent of the overseeing body. This b rings up a basic issue in the psyches of most political rationalists, â€Å"Why would it be a good idea for us to comply with the legislature, and when, if at any point, do we have the privilege not to? â€Å"The reasonable need of disavowing our privileges and putting them in an almighty sovereign, he infers that our commitment to comply with such a sovereign is supreme, straight up to the second when he really endeavors our destruction.† (Duff, Konstancja) according to the laws of nature, Hobbes expressed that if a man wanted his own safeguarding according to the State then he should act as indicated by the guidelines that were set somewhere around the sovereign forces. He composes that the judgment that the sovereign power passes is kept up as the ace in the hole or the integral factor for everything that happens inside the State. Hence, following a similar idea, political commitment perceives the equivalent and according to this private regularizing decisions of the indi viduals may never be considered. Noncompliance of the tradition that must be adhered to may possibly be considered when a person’s life is in prompt danger or peril. Political commitment in straightforward terms just alludes to a community obligation that each resident has. Hobbes kept up the way that it was imperative to comply with the standards and guidelines set down or directed by anybody attempting to keep up political request as a piece of political commitment of an individual. Such oppression made individuals despondent and uncomfortable to follow. He was restricted by political scholars like John Locke for expressing his variant of political

Poverty reduction programs in india Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Neediness decrease programs in india - Essay Example As indicated by the World Bank study, anybody gaining beneath one dollar for every day is generally reviewed as poor. May of such individuals dwells in Africa, portions of Asia nations, Latin American nations and India. Anyway in the created countries, the quantity of needy individuals is diminished because of more elevated levels of improvement and greatness methodologies set up to control neediness conditions in these regions. The government’s reaction to issues of destroying neediness in the midst of them is of prime significance as she is the key controller of the national assets. This paper will take a gander at the accomplishment of different projects in India planned for mitigating and killing destitution among the Indian populaces. As per Parikh, (1994) over the 33% of the Indian populace is ignorant and a bigger greater part of these isn't taught past the age of 15 years. In accordance with this, Jha and Srinivasan, (2001 ) note that; At the start of the new thousand years, 260 million individuals in the nation didn't have wages to get to an utilization bushel which characterizes the neediness line. Of these, 75 percent were in the rustic regions. India is home to 22 percent of the world’s poor. Such a high occurrence of destitution involves worry taking into account the way that neediness destruction has been one of the significant targets of the advancement arranging process (3785). This demonstrates a bigger level of the individuals who are either unemployable or humble utilized. Lack of education and obliviousness as indicated by Hulme and Paul, (1999) is the main driver of destitution in different pieces of the world. The initial step require in the end of neediness is in this manner the need to raise the training segment and increment mindfulness among the individuals. The Indian government is doing a great deal concerning this with increasingly handy instructive frameworks embraced so as to create aptitudes instead of advancing ins ignificant learning in the greater part of the Indian learning and training division. As Ramaswami, (2002) notes, even among the informed Indian populaces, all don't have satisfactory employable abilities worth producing autonomous salary. Every one of these issues as indicated by Mehta, (2004) originates from the instruction area which isn't turned towards changing the monetary situation in the nation. The rustic regions convey the biggest number of Indian populace which is for the most part farming. Indeed, even this is enormously influenced by the diminishing measure of cultivable grounds and absence of sufficient precipitation for the advancement of arable cultivating frameworks. Water system cultivating in a considerable lot of the Indian grounds is unimaginable due enormous capital necessities. This has prompted intense rustic urban relocation whereby an enormous number of individuals are moving into the urban zones to search for greener fields. These wind up doing different m odest occupations in the urban areas since they need sufficient and particular instruction required for good work in the enterprises and work serious organizations in the nation. This has gotten a twofold disaster in the nation as the biggest farming terrains are cleared by individuals moving into the urban focuses looking for employments. The urban places thus have been to a great extent swarmed with individuals with less instruction and practically no abilities for work. Absence of significant or sufficient aptitudes for work rehearses among numerous urban inhabitants have in the end prompted the improvement of casual employments and settlements in the greater part of the towns in opposition to the general desires for the advancement motivation. Accordingly the advancement picture of numerous

Nothing Smartphone App

Nothing Smartphone App Our lives have become overwhelmed with stuff. Every day we’re inundated with messages, notifications, and distractions. But not anymore. The Minimalists have been working on something special this past year. Alongside our co-creators, Matt DAvella and SPYR, we’ve created a new app to help you declutter from the digital world. It’s going to make your life easier, more organized, simpler. Watch the trailer and learn how to get the app for free. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

Drug Abuse And Its Effect On Society Essay - 1167 Words

Name Professor Course Date Introduction A drug is a chemical substance applied into treating, diagnosing and preventing one from disease infections or a substance that is used by a person to enhance his or her physical and mental state in the perceived effect. Drugs used for different purposes and their effect depend on which cause for usage. It causes both positive and negative consequences directly to the user and in the long-run it affects the whole society or community. Drug addiction is the activity of uncontrollable dependence on a substance by the user no matter the harm caused by its usage. It is a habit that has been in many years hard to curb especially among the youths. â€Å"We must recognize that substance abuse and addiction is a disease, not a moral failing or easily abandoned self-indulgence,† (Califano, 2008).The cases of drug abuse have been on the rise over the recent years and resulted in crimes. The cases have a great effect affected the society in general since the reliable energetic youths hav e turned to drug abuse. However, some measures have been initiated to mitigate, curb and treat drug addiction in the society as outlined in the essay. Therapies: They are programs designed for offering patients with counseling treatment as a result of their addicts on drugs in the community. â€Å"Most of the programs involve individual or group drug counseling, or both,† (Treatment Approaches For Drug Addiction ). The therapies have been of great importance as they offerShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On Society Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pageshave all felt the effects of drug abuse. In other words, whether it affects an individual directly or indirectly every person has seen or felt the negative effects of drug abuse in our society. The ultimate question, is why does such an abounding amount of Americans abuse illicit drugs, and how does it affect us as a nation? Moreover, something such as this doesn t occur for without a distinct cause, there must be something occurring in our society that creates these illicit drug abusers. CorrespondinglyRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On Society1690 Words   |  7 Page sdecision to do one thing that can change your life forever. As you may already know, drugs can be some of the best things known to mankind-they solve illnesses, provide some relief from the killer pollen levels, and even stop that annoying nasal congestion you get in the winter season. Although many people don t think about it often, drugs can be just as dangerous as they are good if too much or too many are taken. Drug abuse is a very serious problem that can often lead to serious health complicationsRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On Society1521 Words   |  7 PagesIn American society, drugs have influenced many people and have created many downfalls within their lives. Despite the thought of harmful consequences in one’s life, drug abuse has changed an individual’s way of thinking and how their body operates. People who have participated in drug use find it difficult to stop because it leads to serious addiction. The changes in their brain control their thoug hts making it challenging for that individual to stop using drugs. Today, drug abuse leaves a negativeRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On Society2072 Words   |  9 PagesDrug Abuse is quickly becoming a popular trend in today’s society. This trend encompasses all ages of people, as younger individuals are becoming more rapidly attracted to drug abuse. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), it is estimated that 24.6 million adults aging twelve and older suffer from addiction, which amounts to approximately 9.4% of the United States’ population. This abuse is not limited to a single class of individuals. Houchins adds that â€Å"Drug abuse affects peopleRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Its Effects On The Society1520 Words   |  7 Pagesfor pleasure. Abuse of prescription drugs is a huge issue in our country, although many people use them solely for medical reasons, most people do not. According to Nora D. Wolkow, M.D., â€Å"An estimated 52 million people (20 percent) of those aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons at least once in their lifetime.† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). This is now extremely common and is only becoming a bigger problem by the day. Prescription drug abuse causes a cripplingRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse On People, Families, Friends And Society1013 Words   |  5 PagesThis research paper will explain why alcohol and drug abuse have a negative impact on people, families, friends and society. The abuse of alcohol and drugs knows no boundaries, it does not discriminate. It affects rich and poor, black and white, young and old. Many people don’t consider alcohol as a drug since it is â€Å"legal† after age 21, but in reality it is one of the most addictive â€Å"legal† substances on the planet. They don’t realize that they have a problem when in reality what they have is anRead MoreThe Movie The Wolf On Wal l Street Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesDaring to Defy Drug Abuse If you have ever seen the movie The Wolf on Wall Street, there is no doubt you have seen the effects drugs can have. Leonardo DiCaprio portrays a high-strung stock broker reliant on a multitude of illegal drugs to keep up with his hectic life style. His addiction gets so severe that at one point in the movie, he is lying on the floor, unable to move due to the drugs’ effects on his body. Even though the movie is set in the 90’s, a decade infamous for its use of drugs, today, drugRead MoreAddiction and Society1244 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction and Society Sociology Professor Trembicki February 22, 2013 Abstract Drug addiction is a disease that damages addicts, their families, communities, the economy, and society. Addiction has a widespread reach: from dealing with unpredictable and often dangerous addicts at home to the costs incurred by society as a whole. As the population of addicts rises and the average age of an addict is younger, society is forced to deal with a pressing matter. Addiction is no longer limitedRead MoreEssay on Burn the Fuse of Drug Abuse667 Words   |  3 PagesAddiction and abuse of drugs have remained an unexplainable circumstance, even till today. A mistaken assumption is that drug abusers lack moral principles, and if given a chance or in the presence of will power, their selections could be altered. In reality, drug addiction is known as a complex disease and requires more than will power or mere good intentions to change. Due to the fact that drug addiction could change the way the brain works, with time, the brain promotes compulsive drug abuse. It is diffic ultRead More Drug Abuse in the United States Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Abuse in the United States of America In the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the userand all those with whom the user

Reflective Journal of What I have Learned in Class

Reflective Journal Brief summary of what we have learned in class: 1. Age of Reason Began in Early 1700s: †¢ Superstitions †¢ Beliefs in unnatural beings and magic †¢ Rationalism Voltaire: â€Å"I think, therefore I am† Rousseau; began to argue that common people deserve a better life. Pestalozzi, Herbart and Froebel applied the argument of Rousseau to education. 2. Changing Education Paradigms by Ken Robinson †¢ Public education- for economic growth and cultural identity †¢ Creativity †¢ Divergent thinking †¢ Aesthetic and anesthetic experience †¢ ADHA (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) Ken Robinson discussed public education as a medium of developing students for cultural identity and economic growth. He gives importance to creativity and divergent thinking in the education system. He says: â€Å"We have a system of education that is modeled on the interest of industrialism and in the image of it. School are still pretty much organized on factory lines — ringing bells, separate facilities, specialized into separate subjects. We still educate children by batches. Why do we do that?† â€Å"Divergent thinking isn’t the same thing as creativity. I define creativity as the process of having original ideas that have value. Divergent thinking isn’t a synonym but is an essential capacity for creativity. It’s the ability to see lots of possible answers to a question, lots of possible ways to interpret a question, to think laterally, to think not just in linear or convergentShow MoreRelatedReflective Evaluation on Preparing to Teach Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesReflective evaluation on ‘Preparing to teach’ It is common for reflection to be treated as if it were an intellectual exercise - a simple matter of thinking rigorously.   However, reflection is not solely a cognitive process; emotions are central to all learning. (1998: 194) Boud and Walker. I agree with the quote above as reflective practice is looking at what I have learned and how I can make use of what I have learned in my teaching practice. In this assignment, I will discuss what IRead MoreThe Grade I Would Assign Myself786 Words   |  3 PagesThe grade that I would personally assign myself for this class would be a ninety-three percent because of the effort that I put into the journals and essays. The effort I put into the journals is the first reason that I deserve a ninety-three percent. I put thought into the journals and came up with well-thought out responses. The journals that were mostly reflective I put honest and elaborate examples. Finally, I did research for some of the journals. The journal that I definitely did researchRead MoreReflective Essay774 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Essay In developing my reflective essay I have used two entries from my journal and also the effect the course becoming a teacher has had on me personally. The theme chosen after closely analyzing the course on a whole is ‘Learning and experience.’ Majority can relate to the slang; â€Å"we learn from our experience.† What is learning? Learning can be defined as the process whereby behaviour is changed as a result of experience, (Matalon 2000). Learning occurs when experience cause a relativelyRead MoreTeaching English to Speakers of Other Languages1192 Words   |  5 Pagesfor four weeks from 9:00 am-4:30 pm. The Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) is currently used throughout The Five Colleges, so Moodle was used in the TESOL Course as an additional tool to continue participants’ learning and sharing outside of class time. Based on her extensive professional network within the international TESOL community, the Director of the WLEA program spearheaded the hiring of an outside expert in TESOL training to teach the intensive on-campus course, develop a detailedRead MoreThe Continuum Of Teacher Expertise959 Words   |  4 PagesStriding on the continuum of teacher expertise, I have been moving away from the novice end toward becoming an increasingly experienced and reflective practitioner, who constantly questions how English should be taught as a second language (L2) and gains insights from the tremendously rich literature of applied linguistics (Ellis Shintani, 2014). I firmly believe that a reflective practitioner ought to think like a researcher when critically examining and reexamining the effectiveness of pedagogicalRead MoreSample Essay : The Portfolio Will Be A Reflective Essay918 Words   |  4 PagesThe first essay in the Portfolio will be a reflective essay. In this essay, you will discuss w hat you have learned about writing throughout the semester. Be sure to apply what you have learned in the writing of this essay. My English 908 class almost comes to a close, and now it’s time for me to think â€Å"what I have learned in this class?† Reflecting on the past two months, I notice that this class has offered me the ability to aware of my personal strengths as well as weaknesses and also providedRead MoreThe Inquiry Pcess1109 Words   |  5 PagesApplication: Reflective Essay - The Inquiry Process David Grassie EDUC-6733S-1 Action Research for Educators February 20, 2011 Jennifer Stokke Introduction Throughout my short time here at Walden, I have taken so much from each of my courses in my journey as a Master’s candidate in Science Education. I have learned so much about reforming and editing my teaching philosophy and practice in my quest to become a more effective administrator. I cherish this last assignment, becauseRead MoreContrast Two Reflective Practice Models1038 Words   |  5 PagesContrast two reflective practice models: - The two reflective practice models I have chosen to compare are Kolb1 and Brookfield2. Reflective practice is intended to help the teacher evolve and develop. It is an essential aspect of continuing professional development and is seen as a fundamental process in improving the quality of teaching3. Although teachers have done this for years the models formalise the process and put a structure on it. However, it is a subjective rather than an objectiveRead MoreGraduation Speech : Career And Leadership Goals1711 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Career and Leadership Goals I first realized I wanted to be a gifted teacher while cadet teaching a gifted class during my senior year of high school. During this time, I worked with the gifted educator who taught me throughout elementary school. I knew from my first moments in the classroom that I could not work in a field other than gifted education. The children inspired me, and the curriculum kept me on my toes. I did not realized then that my love for teaching gifted children would eventuallyRead MoreReflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills1046 Words   |  5 Pagesimprove me around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal was to study in a university and now that I have accomplished that goal, my next goal is to complete the course with a strong grade. But the reality of achieving the Foundation Degree is a much harder concept than what I first thought, having a writer s block can be a hindrance

Pest Analysis Free Essays

PEST analysis: Political: Australia is a type of democratic country and it is stable politically. The characteristics of Australian government such as transparency and having low level of corruption, and being internationally competitiveness helps Australia to have the lowest rank of political instability in Asia-Pacific and it standing on bottom fourth position in the world in political instability (Australian government 2009). Therefore this factor is an advantage and an opportunity for the companies that operate within Australia and for the people who invest in these kinds of companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Economic: Australia has one of the most stable economies in the world. According to Economist magazine Australia’s GDP in 2012 was about 1. 5 trillion USD and it becomes the 12th country in the world. During the last global financial crisis in 2007 most of the countries such as US, and European countries were suffering and their economic factors such as GDP, Interest rate, growth, inflation went downwards and were in recession, but Australian government could control the situation by implementing strategies that helped small businesses and individuals and kept the economy stable (Economist magazine 2013). So the Australian government made an opportunity out of the financial crisis which was a threat for the whole economy and now is one of the best countries for investment with a very low risk. Social: According to Australian Bureau of Statistics census in 2011 there was 3. 5 million student in this country both international and domestics (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013). So these students are the customer base for Mynetfone at the moment as residential customers and they can be the potential business users in near future. As Australia has a good rate of economy growth, more businesses wanted to operate in this country and as a result they will need more services for their business such as internet, phone etc. Technological: Mynetfone owned Symbio network in 2009 which has the largest VoIP network providing wholesale carrier service to Australian industry in Australia that using number porting, cloud based hosted PBX service, call termination, call origination and many other infrastructure enable services. The Symbio work in wholesale and Mynetfone work on retail sections (Mynetfone 2013). How to cite Pest Analysis, Papers

Social Circles and Prescription Drug †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Social Circles and Prescription Drug. Answer: Introduction: In this essay, I have chosen to discuss drug and substance abuse and how it affects the social determinants of health in youths. This is an interesting topic because there has been a rising trend in drug abuse and little has been done to rescue the situation. After a long-term use of most drugs, one is unable to do without them. In general, the term drug refers to any substance, other than food, that is absorbed to alter the functioning of the body or mind. Youth indulge themselves in drug abuse for different reasons including peer influence where they are unable to thwart negative pressure coming from their friends. Some take drugs to relive various emotional problems (e.g. anger, stress, anxiety, boredom or depression) among several other reasons. Some drugs are manufactured and sold illegally. The most common illegal drugs are marijuana, stimulants (cocaine, crack, and amphetamines), LSD, PCP, opioids, heroin and "club drugs" (e.g. ecstasy, rohypnol). Drug use becomes a problem when it produces negative consequences for the user. These consequences, which may be physical, mental, social, emotional, legal, economic or environmental, include: (Wieres et al., 2013) Increased health problems, such as illness, injury and physical harm, or death; Personal problems, such as loss of motivation, physical or psychological dependence and problems at work or school; Family problems, including strained or unhappy relationships and the breakdown of the family; Social problems such as increased crime and traffic accidents; The higher risk of serious drug use later in life; Questions of judgment that may pose risks of accidents, violence, unplanned or unprotected sex, and suicide; A conviction for possession or sale of drugs, which may result in a fine, imprisonment or even a criminal record, which may restrict employment and travel opportunities abroad; Drug addiction which usually takes a long time to cure and stop using the drug. Drug abuse as a social determinant of health problem Drug and substance abuse among the youth is a serious health problem both to the users and people around them. Increased morbidity rates from drugs and substance consumption have seen more youths being hospitalized affecting health service provision to both the youth and the general population. Most of these drugs have high rates of dependence that consumers may have the hard time withdrawing from their addictions even after realizing the negative consequences of consuming these drugs in their body (Smith et al., 2013). For example, cocaine one may take several years before fully recovering from an episode of addiction. These effects are discussed below; Maternal and fetal risk- When consumed by a pregnant woman, drugs, for the most part, cross the placenta and reach the fetus. Some drugs are teratogenic i.e. when the access the unborn child they cause severe negative effects on the development of the fetus. They have a deleterious effect both on the course of the pregnancy and on the fetus. Examples of addictive substances with teratogenic effects include alcohol and tobacco consumption. These include miscarriage, in utero death, premature delivery, fetal malformations, sudden infant death, stunting growth and, mental abnormalities. Successful deliveries can produce infants with alcohol withdrawal syndromes and babies who may be an easy target to infections and diseases. These babies may have slower development and learning disabilities, small brain, small head and small body size. They may also have small eye openings and nearsightedness. After taking drugs, one is likely to engage in sexual activities that may lead to transmission of sexually transmitted diseases. Due to poor judgment, most drug users participate in unprotected sex predisposing them to diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. Rape cases are also high in drug addicts. Rape can lead to physical injuries, unwanted pregnancies and spread of several sexually transmitted diseases. Some of the injectable drugs for example lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are shared using a single syringe. This also has a danger of transmission of these deadly diseases which has claimed the lives of many youths (Kellam et al., 2013). Several illnesses result from drug and substance abuse. These can include a multitude of somatic and psychiatric symptoms e.g. insomnia, gastric disorders, liver damage, depression, cardiac complications, and anorexia. For example, excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to liver impairment. Habitual smoking can lead to respiratory problems including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease which can complicate the life of an individual. Some drugs affect the brain functioning that can result in several negative effects such as blindness, poor digestion, and even mental problems. Drug and substance abusers are more likely to commit suicide as compared to non-users. Death results from emotion stress that results from drug abuse. These individuals are unable to make rational decisions owing to poor judgments made when under the influence of drugs. Chances of committing accidents are also increased in drug abusers. Over-speeding is a common phenomenon in drunk drivers. Accidents lead to loss of many people in the roads either passengers or pedestrians. Some of these drugs also result in poor coordination between the body, head and fingers hence one may cause an accident when operating big machines such as construction equipment and motors that require excellent coordination when using. Youths who are chronic users of these addictive drugs are tempted to start early families, and due to drug consumption, they are unable to take proper care of these families health- wise. They fail to provide basic needs e.g. food to their families. Some will be tempted to use the little money available for family use. Therefore in case, a family member fall sick they are unable to get quality health service due to insufficient funds. Family conflicts among drug users can lead to injuries and accidents that can be very fatal. Engaging in the robbery in attempts to get money to buy drugs may result in either the addict being killed or imprisoned or their victims suffering from injuries caused during the robbery. Some drugs e.g. Catha edulis has diverse effects on the reproductive health of an induvial. It can make blood vessels supplying the reproductive tract to constrict inhibiting urine flow in men and inability to attain and sustain an erection. Excessive consumption of this drug can result in excessive spermatogenesis and with impaired arousal hence spermatorrhea results with concerned men forced to wear several underpants. In women, some drugs cause dehydration of the lining of the reproductive tract resulting in blistering and pain during sexual intercourse. The micro- injuries caused during sex can cause infections and sexually transmitted disease. Some drugs cause hormonal imbalance in the body. This may result in women menstrual flow problems e.g. amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea and oligomenorrhea. In men, it can lead to infertility and testicular shrinkage. Stakeholders to work with in solving drug and substance abuse To prevent all the discussed health problems among the youth resulting from drug and substance abuse a significant intervention should be focused on lowering the rate of abuse of these drugs among the population. In an attempt to implement these interventions several stakeholders are required to provide sufficient support for the success of the plan. Some of the important stakeholders include; The government should ensure that measures are put in place directed towards ensuring that all the youths go to school. Providing educational opportunities to the youths will make them busy and therefore not have time to idle around and engage in drug abuse. Most youths who participate in drug and substance abuse merely because they are unemployed and can, therefore, be easily manipulated by their peers to participate in drug addiction (Lai et al., 2013). Education also involves informing the youth about the dangers of abusing drugs and several health risks that come with drug addiction. Drug and substance abuse is an area that when incorporated into the syllabus will provide youths with enough knowledge on drugs and they will, therefore, be suited to resist any negative peer pressure from their friends. Education in drug and substance abuse can be done by running advertisements in televisions, radios, use of banners and articles to create awareness on the harmful health effects of t hese drugs among the youth. The government also has a duty to create enough employment opportunities to qualified youths to avoid the case of idleness and attempts to engage in drug abuse (Rowe, 2012). The government should create enough rehabilitation centers aimed at helping the youths who do not want to continue abusing drugs but are unable to stop because of addiction. The rehabilitation centers should be complete with all the drugs required for treatment and social amenities such as food and proper nutrition. Mentors are also employed in these centers to train the youths on how to stop taking drugs and live a healthy life again. During the rehabilitation process, these youths are also trained in various technical skills e.g. tailoring that they will require to create jobs for themselves when they fully recover. This prevents idleness and the urge to start taking the drug again after rehabilitation (Brick, 2012). The government should put in place policies on drug and substance abuse and ensure its full implementation. The government should investigate and prosecute drug peddlers who make these drugs available to the youth. The drug traffickers should be taken to court and the full force of the law. By cutting the source of these illegal drugs, there will be a high likelihood of success in attempts to stop drug abuse. Another key stakeholder in the fight against drug abuse is the society. The community should be proactive and speak against drug and substance abuse. Providing enough education on drug abuse to the society and encouraging them to condemn these acts is very important. Parents should offer sufficient protection to their children from drug addiction and keep advising them to stay away from bad influence. This will limit the exposure their children get about drug and substance abuse. The society should also ensure that their youths get educational opportunities and using this knowledge in ways that are of impacts to both themselves and the society as a whole (Kendler et al., 2012). The community should create enough role models that the youth can look up to. A community with many adults engaging in drug and substance abuse practices will negatively influence the youths to take part in drug and substance abuse. A society that upholds good morals and shuns immoral behavior play a very crucial role in ensuring their youth do not engage in drug addiction. Religious leaders should speak boldly against drug abuse among young people in every society. Every society, therefore, has an important role in the fight against drug addiction. Creating a drug-free environment to all youths and encouraging the youths to take part in important activities such as planting trees will go a long way in discouraging idleness and attempts to engage in drug abuse (Carlson, 2013). References Sobell, L. C., Sobell, M. B., Ward, E. (Eds.). (2013). Evaluating alcohol and drug abuse treatment effectiveness: Recent advances. Elsevier. Kendler, K. S., Sundquist, K., Ohlsson, H., Palmr, K., Maes, H., Winkleby, M. A., Sundquist, J. (2012). Genetic and familial environmental influences on the risk for drug abuse: a national Swedish adoption study. Archives of general psychiatry, 69(7), 690-697. Brick, J. (Ed.). (2012). Handbook of the medical consequences of alcohol and drug abuse. Routledge. Zgierska, A., Miller, M., Rabago, D. (2012). Patient satisfaction, prescription drug abuse, and potential unintended consequences. JAMA, 307(13), 1377-1378. Rowe, C. L. (2012). Family therapy for drug abuse: Review and updates 20032010. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 38(1), 59-81. Kellam, S. G., Wang, W., Mackenzie, A. C., Brown, C. H., Ompad, D. C., Or, F., Windham, A. (2014). The impact of the Good Behavior Game, a universal classroom-based preventive intervention in first and second grades, on high-risk sexual behaviors and drug abuse and dependence disorders into young adulthood. Prevention Science, 15(1), 6-18. Donohew, L., Sypher, H. E., Bukoski, W. J. (Eds.). (2012). Persuasive communication and drug abuse prevention. Routledge. Emmelkamp, P. M., Vedel, E. (2012). Evidence-based treatments for alcohol and drug abuse: A practitioner's guide to theory, methods, and practice. Routledge. Hanson, C. L., Cannon, B., Burton, S., Giraud-Carrier, C. (2013). An exploration of social circles and prescription drug abuse through Twitter. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(9), e189. Lai, F. Y., Bruno, R., Hall, W., Gartner, C., Ort, C., Kirkbride, P.. Mueller, J. F. (2013). Profiles of illicit drug use during annual key holiday and control periods in Australia: wastewater analysis in an urban, a semi?rural and a vacation area. Addiction, 108(3), 556-565. Kolodny, A., Courtwright, D. T., Hwang, C. S., Kreiner, P., Eadie, J. L., Clark, T. W., Alexander, G. C. (2015). The prescription opioid and heroin crisis: a public health approach to an epidemic of addiction. Annual review of public health, 36, 559-574. Carlson, N. R. (2013). Physiology of behavior. Boston: Pearson. Wiers, R. W., Gladwin, T. E., Hofmann, W., Salemink, E., Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2013). Cognitive bias modification and cognitive control training in addiction and related psychopathology: Mechanisms, clinical perspectives, and ways forward. Clinical Psychological Science, 1(2), 192-212. Lyman, M. D. (2013). Drugs in Society: Causes, concepts, and control. Routledge. West, R., Brown, J. (2013). Theory of addiction. John Wiley Sons. Smith, S. M., Dart, R. C., Katz, N. P., Paillard, F., Adams, E. H., Comer, S. D., ... Jones, C. M. (2013). Classification and definition of misuse, abuse, and related events in clinical trials: ACTTION systematic review and recommendations. PAIN, 154(11), 2287-2296.

Minnesota Essays - MinneapolisSaint Paul, Minnesota, Minneapolis

Minnesota Hi! I'm Amanda. I chose to do my report on Minnesota because that's where I'm from. In fact, my whole family is from Minneapolis. I thought it would be interesting to know more about where I came from. So sit back, relax, and enjoy my report on Minnesota. Like all other states, Minnesota has many special qualities of its own. The Norway pine is the state tree. The loon is the state bird. The pink and white lady slipper is the lovely state flower. "Star of the North" is the state motto. Last but not least, the gopher is the state animal. They are all very interesting and unique to Minnesota. Minnesota is a weird name as many might think. That is because Indians made it up. In their language, minne means "water", and sotah means "sky-tinted". In that case, the nickname is "Land of Sky Blue Waters". There are over 4,757,757 people living in Minnesota. The four biggest cities are Minneapolis, St. Paul, Duluth, and Bloomington. Minneapolis is the biggest, but St. Paul is the capitol. Minnesota is surrounded by the states of Wisconsin, Iowa, South Dakota, and North Dakota and Canada. I've visited many of these states, and I can tell you that some of the nicest people live in Minnesota. In Minnesota, there are many interesting places to go. Some of the most popular are the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, the Mayo Clinic, Fort Snelling, the Glensheen Mansion, Ironworld USA, the Minnesota Zoo, Murphy's Landing, the Science Museum of Minnesota, Paul Bunyan Land, The Guthrie Theater, and one of the most popular of them all (especially me), the Mall of America. There are also many lakes, forests, state parks, and sporting events. I never knew there could be so many places to go in one state. Like many other states, Minnesota has its own ways of doing things. With natural resources of fertile soil, important minerals, and thick evergreen forests, the major industries are farming, mining, and the building of roads, office buildings and hotels. The crops farmers grow are corn, oats, wheat, potatoes, soybeans, peas, and many others. With all the big cities, I never knew there was so much farming in Minnesota. Minnesota's climate has four definite seasons. Temperatures average around 68 degrees F in July and 2 degrees F in January. Also, throughout the year, they get about 19 inches of rain and snow. It's a fun place to live if you like both summer and winter activities. There are many historical facts about Minnesota. Long ago glaciers covered most of the land that we now call Minnesota. Two famous French fur traders, Pierre Esprit Radisson and Medart Chouart were the first white men to set foot on this land. Before that, only Indians lived here. Another famous person, Sinclair Lewis (an American novelist) lived in Minnesota. Some other interesting facts about Minnesota are that it has the biggest mall in America (the Mall of America), and one of the most well known rivers in America (the Mississippi river) begins here. There are a lot of interesting things about Minnesota. When I chose to write about Minnesota, I just did it because that's where I was born. Until I did this report, I never knew how interesting one state could be. Now that I picked it, I feel I made a good choice. If I had to chose over again I wouldn't change my mind. After studying Minnesota, I'm very proud to say that's where I'm from.

Hard High School How It Affects Your College Chances

Hard High School How It Affects Your College Chances SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Attending a tough high school can certainly affect some of your performance statistics. It's natural to wonder whether these shifts in your numbers are going to affect your chances of college admission. In this article, we cover what colleges are really concerned with when they look at your record, and we explain why you don't need to be worried if your high school is especially hard. What Is a "Hard" High School? There are a few reasons a high school might be considered "hard." Usually, it's because the school iscompetitive within the student body; there are a lot of students taking the really tough classes and doing well in them. Grading policy is also a consideration.Hard schools are slow to give out A's, whereas others practically chuck them at any student in sight. Size can also impact how hard a high school appears to be. At a large and competitive school, it's hard to get a top class rank- you're competing against a lot of other people. At a small and competitive school, it's hard to get a good percentile ranking because a slight difference in rank can translate to a relatively large percentile discrepancy. A hard high school is one where students who would otherwise get top grades and top ranking have a hard time doing so, either because the grading is so tough or because their peers are so competitive. What Colleges Look At Many students worrythat the relatively lackluster grades or ranking they achieve at a hard school may seem unimpressive to colleges. Basically, they're afraid they won't look smart. They think they won't be able to get into their desired college(s) because they didn't a perfect GPA and graduate as valedictorian. As it turns out, colleges, especially the more selective ones, do their best to view youwithin the context of yourhigh school environment. When colleges receive your transcript, they also receive a brief "school profile"whichsummarizes the school in terms of courses offered, the grading scale, average grades and tests scores, and the class size. Admissions officers will see that your school has tough grading policies and that an imperfect GPA doesn't imply a lack of understanding in your courses. Colleges are looking to see whether you sought out the most rigorous courses available to you and whether you excelled in them. Also, remembercolleges are looking for the whole package. Grades are a huge part of it, but they're also looking at test scores, extracurriculars, letters of recommendation, and personal statements. Colleges won't assign (or dock) you points based on how difficult your high school is- they'll do their best to be fair to students from all backgrounds. There areplenty of factors to weigh when it comes to college admissions. Ways to Boost Your Application You're essentially trying to stand out by means of some skill or accomplishment. Commitment to extracurricular endeavors is a great place to start. Quality trumps quantity here; it's better to be deeply involved in a few select activities than barely involved in a whole bunch. Stellar application essaysalso score major points. Spend serious time on your personalstatement, and get help revising and editing it. Make sure it has a balance of the personal and professional- this isn't a scholarly essay for an academic journal, but it's not a diary entry, either. Awesome letters of recommendation make a great impression. Choose your recommendation writerscarefully. It's alright to remind them of your accomplishments- describe the points you'd definitely like them to include. Impeccable test scores catch the eye. Standardized tests are a convenient place to shine. Invest your time and energy in preparing for the SAT and/or ACT ahead of time. The Final Word You don't need to worry about a college looking down on you because of your hard high school. The most selective colleges spend extra time looking at the context of your numbers, and the less selective schools are, well, less selective. The best you can do is perform your best at the high school you attend. Take the hardest classes you can actually manage, and don't worry overmuch about how the resulting grades will look. If it so happens that you don't get into the college you'd hoped for, remember there are multiple reasons why things may not have lined up; it's almost certainly not a matter of the hard high school you attended, but just the fallout of an extremely- and often unjustly- selective system. What's Next? Are you getting started on the college application process? Pay attention to the important deadlines listed in our article on that topic. If you're wondering what kind of application you ought to submit, read what our experts have to say about that very issue. Also check out this inspirational guideto how one student was successfully admitted to Harvard. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Thesis(Research) Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thesis( ) - Research Proposal Example While this is the case, no study has been conducted about the Chinese students’ experience of acculturative stress or culture shock in the Canadian environment. This study seeks to fill this knowledge gap. Hypothesis This study hypothesizes that different environmental factors such as accommodation, place, and college type impact on the way Chinese students in Canada adapt to acculturation stress. Objectives 1. To establish the extent to which Chinese international students in Canada suffer from acculturative stress in their first year study. 2. To establish how Chinese international students in Canada suffer from acculturative stress in their first year study. 3. To establish the different environment changes that Chinese international students in Canada experience that lead them to experience acculturative stress. 4. To come up with recommendations that will help Chinese international students in Canada overcome acculturative stress Research Questions 1. To what extent do Ch inese international students in Canada suffer from acculturative stress in their first year study? 2. How do Chinese international students in Canada suffer from acculturative stress in their first year study? 3. ... Based on these insights, the policy makers can develop effective policies to deal with acculturative challenges. The results of the study may be important to Chinese students seeking to study in foreign countries as it may help them understand what to expect and deal effectively with culture shock. Managers, principals and professors of educational institutions may find the results of the study important as they may get an insight into how to help Chinese students in foreign environments adapt fast to new learning environments and cultures. Literature Review Over the past couple of years, the number of students leaving China to study overseas (mainly the U.S.A., U.K., Australia, and Canada) has been growing at an estimated 20% annually (Gu, 2013). A report by China’s Ministry of Education indicated that about 340,000 students from China sought education overseas in 2011 (Xu, 2012). In 2012 alone, according to the United Nations, one in every international student was Chinese. Going by current trends, it is estimated that there are more than 490,000 Chinese students in various educational institutions abroad in 2013 (Xu, 2012). The general trend toward the preference to study abroad among Chinese students is driven by the belief that education outside the boarders of China is more systematic and comprehensive, and that the experience is better than they otherwise would get in China. Other students are motivated by the fact that they do not have to sit for and pass university entry exams when they opt to pursue education in foreign educational institutions (Anonymous, 2013). Like other immigrants, Chinese students studying in foreign countries normally experience acculturative stress and its effects. Acculturative stress is a

Responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Responses - Essay Example This situation appears to have persisted for at least three years and the principal responded by encouraging the School Board’s dismissal of the teacher. An appeal to the State Secretary by the teacher was unsuccessful. According to Virginia Code SS 23-38 118, Miscellaneous Personnel Matters, the teacher’s tenure, promotions appointments are entirely up to the school. (Virginia Code ss 23-38, 118) In other words, the institution in which the educator is employed can determined for itself if the teacher is up â€Å"merit and fitness†. (Virginia Code ss 23-38, 118) Moreover, the teacher does not have a constitutionally protected right to employment as a teacher in the elementary school from which he was dismissed. In order to successfully appeal the decision or to take it to court the teacher is required under the Virginia State Code, to prove that the decision to dismiss him originated from an error, or that the discretion exercised by the principal and the authoritative bodies that supported the principal’s decision was an abuse of discretion, or that a civil right was contravened. Assuming that the only complained of was the right to teach, the elementary school teacher will fail on that ground since there is no constitutionally protected right to teach in a particular school. As for the finding of error, the teacher will have a difficult time substantiating this claim since the principal and assistant principal both observed the teacher ignoring the school’s curriculum. Moreover, the teacher was accused of making inappropriate comments to his pupils and when confronted he did not deny making them. It was therefore incumbent upon the principle to take some action, particularly if the comments continued. It is also highly unlikely that the teacher will be able to substantiate a claim that the principle of the school authorities abused their

Anthropometrics: An introduction

Anthropometrics: An introduction Biomechanics Lab Report This lab report is based on the Anthropometrics practical session that took place in week three. Introduction The aim of the session was to find out what our Anthropometrical measures were and how they would compared to some typical figures that were given out at the time. The study of Anthropometrics deals with the measurement of the dimensions, mass, and mass distribution of the human body. It provides estimates of the lengths, masses, location of the centres of mass, and moments of inertia of the human body that are used in the study of human motion There are 10 main parts of the body that will be measured during the study of Anthropometrics and they are the two forearms, the head, the two upper arms, the trunk, two thighs and two shanks. All these measurements will give us an indication whether we are fit and healthy or if we are underweight or overweight, . Anthropometrics was found by a French savant called Alphonse Bertillon who in 1883 gave the name Anthropometrics to a system that he designed which involved him taking certain measurements and when they were recorded he found out that every single individual could be distinguished from other people by these measurements. This is because he concluded that everyone has a different physique and surface area. Materials and method The equipment that was used during this practical session were things like Goniometers A plinth Some Calipers A Height Gauge A set of Scales A Tape measure Nomogram Grip Strength Gauge Goniometers are designed for the measurement of limb angular movement. The sensors are attached across the joint employing double-sided medical adhesive tape and connected to instrumentation. The sensors are lightweight an unobtrusive allowing the data of human activity to be displayed or recorded while leaving the subject to move freely in the normal environment. The first thing that we did was to calculate our body mass index and to do this we measured our height and weight by using a Height Gauge and a set of scales. Then we calculated our body mass index by multiplying the height by itself and then dividing the answer that we got by our weight and this gave us our body mass index. Then we measure the length of our legs by using a tape measure. Then we measure the greater Trochanter knee joint and the Lateral Malleous knee joint by using Calipers. We also used the Calipers to measure the width of our wrist, elbow, knee, ankle and armspan. Then we used a goniometer to measure the angle of our quadriceps. Then we used the calipers to measure our skin fold thickness. Then we used the grip strength gauge to see how strong we were. We used the plinth to measure the lower part of the body. For example we used it to measure our lower limbs. We did the measurements that are above except for the height, weight and body mass index first on our right side and then on our left side and this enabled us to find out the total measurements of the entire body. Finally we checked our surface area by using the nomogram. Results Anthropometrical Measures Value Height (m) 185cm Weight (kg) 72.8 kg BMI (kg/m2) 21.3 kg/m2 Left Right Leg Length, ASIS Medial Malleolus (m) 101 m 101 m Greater Trochanter-Knee Joint (m) 45 m 45 m Knee Joint Lateral Malleolus (m) 43 m 43 m Wrist width (m) 5.7 m 5.9 m Elbow width (m) 7.3 m 7.3 m Knee width (m) 10 m 10.2 m Ankle width (m) 7.6 m 7.4 m Armspan (m) 185 m 185 m Q angle 10Â ° 10Â °, Chest/Waist/Hip Circumference m Chest 90 m Waist 79 m Hip 86 m Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) 0.91 whr Ratio Armspan to body height 1 cm Calf Circumference (m) 35 m 35 m Thigh Circumference (m) 47 m 46 m Grip Strength Ratio (L vs R) 34 26 Surface Area (Nomogram) 1.91 m2 Surface Area by calculation 1.93 m2 Skin fold thickness (rectus femoris) 8 5 Measure the ratio of ring finger length to index finger length m 0.925 m 0.924 m Discussion While analysing my results I found out that some of my results were normal and some of my results were below or above the average for that particular measurement. For example when I analysed my body mass index I found out that I was in the normal range for body mass index which was 20-25 kg/m Typical ranges for body mass index Underweight Healthy Range 20-25 kgm2 D Overweight 25-30 kgm2 Obese >30 kgm2 While analysing my results I found out that my skin fold thickness is lower than the normal average. For example the average skin fold thickness for a fit man is 14-17 percent whereas if you have a body fat percentage over 25+ you are classed as obese. On the other hand women will have a slightly higher body fat percentage than men because they have got a slightly wider physique than men and this means that women will have a higher body fat percentage. Skin fold thickness measurements are also used as an indication of obesity and it has been proven to be a more reliable method to find out how much fat we have in our bodies Typical values for body fat percentage Women % body fat Men % body fat Fit 21-24 % 14-17 % Obese 32 + % 25 +% While analysing my results I also found out that my q angle was lower than a normal q angle should be. For example a normal q angle should typically fall between 18Â °- 22Â °, with males usually at the lower end of the scale and females at the higher end of the scale. An abnormal Q angle will typically be increased from normal. This automatically increases the vulnerability to tracking problems like lower back, pelvis, leg and foot problems. An abnormal Q angle becomes further complicated when accompanied by a functional or anatomical short leg. Many people especially runners favour a functional short leg rather than anatomical short leg. They prefer a functional short leg to an anatomical leg because the functional leg is used to straighten an abnormal q angle whereas an anatomical leg just keeps it in place. In this case a heel raise is often recommended but this will make the problem worse by keeping the leg in an abnormal position when it should be in a normal position. A normal Q angle will have the patella rotated slightly more towards the mid line than the tibial tubercle. Also while analysing my waist to hip result. I found out that I am at a low risk of being overweight and getting a serious health problem. For example a man needs to have a waist to hip ratio of 0.90 to be at low risk of getting a serious health condition but if a man has a waist to hip ratio of more than 1.0 than he is classed as being at a high risk of getting a serious health condition. In comparison to this a woman needs to have a waist to hip ratio of less that 0.80 to be at a low risk of getting a serious health condition and if they have a waist to hip ratio of more than 0.85 then they would be classed as being at a high risk of getting a serious health condition. The types of health conditions that you could get if you are at high risk are things like Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes. On the other hand there are some serious health conditions with being underweight and they are Osteoporosis, Diabetes, Infertility, Anorexia / Bulimia, Aneami and Aimmune Defici ency. These conditions mainly affect women who have a body mass index of less than 18.5.kgm2 When my results was compared with the averages for the different measurements I found out that they were below the normal average for some of the measurements and this is because everybody is different in many ways. For example people have different physiques so the amount of body fat that is found in a persons body varies and this means that everybodys body mass index will be different. Conclusion While concluding my results I found that I am fit and healthy and that I am in no danger of getting a serious health condition. I have also found out that there are a number of different conditions that affects people who are overweight and underweight. I have also concluded that everybodys Anthropometrical measures will be difference. This is due to the difference in physique, height, body mass and the surface area of the body. When I compared my results to some typical data I found out that I was around about the normal range for most of the measurements that were taken during the practical session. Reference Page Books Pheasant, T S, (1996), Bodyspace: Anthropometrics, Ergonomics, and the design of work, London, Taylor Francis Hall, J, S (1953) Basic Biomechanics, London, Human kinetics Websites http://www.chiroweb.com/archives/21/24/03.html www.biopac.com/s/sitesearch/runsearch.php?q=goniometer 28k www.worldchiropracticalliance.org/tcj/2004/jun/charrette.htm www.nth.nhs.uk/dtrack.asp?r=docs/presentations/Podiatric%20Biomechanics%20-%20A%20Hardy.ppt www.brianmac.co.uk/injury.htm

Good Practice in Human Resource Management HRM – Transcript

1. Good Practice in Human Resource Management (HRM) Based on an interview with Graham Walton, Library Service Development Manager at Loughborough University ExFiles FOLIO Course – January 2007 2. Graham’s Current Role Graham is the Library Service Development Manager at Loughborough University. He is responsible for overseeing the quality /evaluation of library services, marketing and publicity, developing new services, training staff as well as human resources. 3. Main Functions of HRM HRM is about â€Å"getting the right people with the right skills in right place†. It is crucial that Library HR processes meet the strategic aims of the organisation. The HRM manager has operational responsibility to follow wider organisational policies and practices. 4. Graham’s HRM Responsibilities Graham oversees the appraisal process of all library staff. This involves the development process, monitoring progress, collating final outcomes and identifying any training needs. Graham is responsible for all human resource aspects of non-academic contract library staff. This involves seeing the HR process through from start to finish: e. . writing job descriptions and person specifications, interviewing, selection, induction, de-briefing of leaving staff etc. Graham is also heavily involved in staff development and devising training programs. 5. How has Graham acquired HRM skills? Variety of ways including: One-year HRM course as part of an MBA. Internal courses on recruitment and selection. Learning through experience: â€Å"getting on with it†. Appl ying common sense. 6. Key challenges of HRM Workforce development – staff are now expected to learn new skills on a regular basis. Need to think about how you enable your staff to do this. Organisational Structure – need to think about the best way to configure this. What is the best way for people to work together? Need to allow opportunity for people to easily step out of their teams and work with others. Culture Change – this is a universal challenge and libraries are not necessarily the best-equipped at dealing with this. This is perhaps the most difficult challenge as culture is intrinsic and deep-rooted. Work/Life Balance – how do you match flexible working needs with providing services? 7. Success Factors for Effective HRM If the following 5 factors are in place, you should have effective HRM: Follow organisational policies and procedures. Exercise Fairness – make all your decisions based on evidence. You must be able to justify all your decisions should you need to defend any of them. Attention to detail – lots of things relating to HR that you need to remember and stick to (e. g. start dates, holiday entitlements etc). Awareness of individual differences – you need to know your staff individually and be aware how different people will react differently to situations. Open-door policy – you need to be approachable and always be ready to drop everything should someone come to you with an HR issue. 8. In what way does an effective HR manager influence their staff? An effective HR Manager: Leads by example – if you expect your staff to show certain characteristics then you need to show them yourself. Be open, fair and transparent in your methods at all times. Ensure that your staff feel valued and important within the organisation. Ensure that other managers realise that they all have a responsibility for HRM – for example a team leader must take on shared responsibility for the staff development of colleagues in their team. 9. Is there anything particularly unique to library and information service HRM? Most HRM issues are generic to all organisations, whether commercial or not-for-profit. One issue that is perhaps not common, is that libraries have the â€Å"professional vs. on-professional† debate. This can cause tension and conflict, meaning that some staff do not reach their full potential. 10. Innovative HRM Practices Two things we are trying/considering at Loughborough University which we have not tried before: A pool of temporary part-time staff that we can call on at short notice to reduce the strain on existing staff during periods of annual leave/sickness. Holding recruitment open days – this would involve placing an open advert inviting people to come to the library on a certain day. Library staff would then â€Å"speed-interview† all those attending and from this it would be decided who would be invited back for further interviewing. 11. How do you see your involvement in HRM evolving in the future? The aspects to focus on in the next few years will be: Staff skills mix/workforce development and how HR can move this along. There will be even greater pressure for increased flexible working and working from home. At present, it is unclear how this will manifest itself in the Library.

Journal of Food Safety

As we know, Johor was affected by the worst flood in 100 years in December 2006 and that disaster comes again in January 2007. According to historical of the natural disasters such as flood, food in affected areas may become contaminated and consequently be at risk for outbreaks of food-borne diseases, including diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever. Poor sanitation, including lack of safe water and toilet facilities and lack of suitable conditions to prepare food have led to mass outbreaks of food-borne diseases. The Minister of Malaysia Health were worried about cases, the improper sanitary facilities and contaminated water supply during flood at housing areas or at relief centers would result in contaminated food, as a prevention step, Assistant Environmental Health Officers (AEHO) has assign to made monitoring of food hygiene vital. The objective of this monitoring is to describe food hygiene surveillance activities carried out in flood relief centers and flood affected areas and the result that were carried out was determined. The food hygiene surveillance activities were carried out by the Assistant Environmental Health Officers (AEHO) in the districts and. Among the surveillance activities carried out are inspection of food preparation areas in relief centers, inspection of food premises in flood affected areas and food sampling. Premise inspections were carried out using a specific inspection format. For food samples inspections, the food samples that were emphasis included ready to eat and raw foods. For ready to eat foods holding samples were also taken. Samples taken were sent to Public Health Laboratory, Johor Bahru for microbiological analysis. Anti typhoid vaccination for food handlers were also carried out. Apart from that, observations made by the health teams were also taken into account. A total of 3,159 food preparation areas in relief centers were inspected. During the same period, a total of 2,317 food premises in flood affected areas were inspected as soon these premises started operating after the floods. Among the processes that had given highlighting during inspection were holding and serving of food where temperatures control and holding time were vital for food safety. Along with the areas given emphasis during the inspection were kitchens, stores, food packaging areas, food transportation vehicles and serving areas. Cooking utensils, water sources, hand washing facilities, garbage disposal area, pest control and suitability of building structures for preparation of food were also given a big attention during the inspections. .Base on the inspection that have done by the Assistant Environmental Health Officers (AEHO), the inspections showed that 69 food preparation areas in relief centers and 181 food premises in flood affected areas had unsatisfactory hygiene. Not only food premises areas are considering in those inspections, apart from that, the hygiene and practices of all food handlers were also monitored. Insanitary food preparation areas in relief centers and food premises were given health education and warnings to maintain hygiene by the Assistant Environmental Health Officers (AEHO). A total of 1,566 holding samples were taken and 425 samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis. Base on the result, they have gathered out that 46 of the samples analyzed were found to be positive for pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli, staphylococcus aureus and salmonella. The health personnel from the Johor Health Department in various districts carried out an excellent job in ensuring food safety during the floods. There were no outbreaks of food poisoning. However analysis of food samples taken during the floods did show the presence of pathogenic organisms but probably their numbers were not high enough to cause any food poisoning. When the flood has affected some areas, the contamination from microorganism into food were easily contaminated, that contamination can always occur at all points of the food chain, for instants inadequate washing, handling and cooking of food just before consumption is still a prime cause of food-borne diseases. Many infectious diseases are preventable by observing simple hygienic rules during food preparation whether in family settings or in large food catering facilities. According to the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO), there are five keys for safer food in disaster situation such as keeping clean, separating raw and cooked food, cooking thoroughly, keeping food at safe temperatures and lastly using safe water and raw materials. As a rational, the education to all individuals have to concern more to avoid the unwanted condition occurs, for instant when a disaster such as flood occurs, the public would already understand and be prepared to apply their knowledge in hygiene and food safety. As an example, the hand washing method which involves seven steps needs to be imbibed into all individuals through health education campaigns so that it becomes a common practice amongst all individuals. As a very good solution the promotion and enforcement of food hygiene requirements should be carried out continuously to ensure that every individual understands the need for hygiene and food safety during disaster situation such as flood.

Corruption And Its Effect On Economic Growth - 1487 Words

In this essay, I will present an argument against theories that propose that corruption may be beneficial to economic growth by presenting theoretical and empirical evidence that suggest otherwise. I will also discuss policies that will prove effective in eliminating corruption in developing countries. The international handbook on the economics of corruption defines corruption as the use of public resources to fund the private purposes. It usually involves the abuse of official power. Economic growth can be defined as increase in a country’s ability to produce output over a period of time (Investopedia, 2005). Although the consensus view in economic theory is that corruption has a negative impact on economic growth, there are instances where having a corrupt government has actually encouraged growth. These are instances where corruption is â€Å"economically expansionary Osterfeld (1992) . Leff (1964), has argued that some underdeveloped countries with a high level of bureaucracy and weak governance have been able to allocate resources more efficiently because of corrupt government officials. He argues that is because entrepreneurs and potential investors can sidestep the tremendous bureaucracy in these countries through the use of bribery (Leff, 1964). The Chinese economy in the 1980’s supports this theory because corruption acted as a means to â€Å"legalise enterprises† prior to Deng’s economic reforms. (Reyes, 2015). However both theoretical and empirical studies haveShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Corruption On Economic Growth1444 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst theories that propose that corruption may be beneficial to economic growth by presenting theoretical and empirical evidence that suggest otherwise. I will also discuss policies that will prove effective in eliminating corruption in developing countries. The international handbook on the economics of corruption defines corruption as the use of public resources to fund the private purposes. It usually involves the abuse of official power. Economic growth can be defined as an increase inRead MoreEffects Of Corruption On Economic Growth1753 Words   |  8 PagesCorruption has been seen as a major obstacle of rapid economic growth and development. It is a complex phenomenon whose roots lay in political and bureaucratic institutions and affects the economic growth of different countries. It makes the governments intervene where they do not need to, and it weakens the ability of the government to enact and implement policies in areas in which government intervention is needed. Over the years, the dispute of the economic consequences of corruption on economicRead MoreHow Corruption Has Proven Detrimental Effect On Business And Economic Growth1534 Words   |  7 Pagesand Ross (Corruption entrepreneurship) study, the effects of cor ruption on the number of establishments in any given municipality have proven to be negative and statistically significant. Over time, corruption has proven to be detrimental to business and economic growth and has long lasting negative effects (entrepernerushipbrazilmuncipalities, 69). Business growth slows or stops all together and only the state owned enterprises are able to persist through an economy riddled with corruption. These stateRead MoreCorruption Is Defined As The Appropriation Of Public Resources1549 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption is defined as the appropriation of public resources for private profit and other private purposes through the use and abuse of official power or influence (Smith, S, C and Todaro, M, P, 2012, P.546). Examples of how governments do this can be through collecting bribes for providing permits and licenses, for giving passage through customs or for prohibiting the entry of competitors (Shleifer, A and Vishny, R,W, 1993, P.599). Corruption varie s across different economies, which we will analyseRead MoreThe Causes Of The Overwhelming Civil War In Syria1183 Words   |  5 Pagesof most countries in the world. The crisis wakes the interest among researchers and induces them to take a close look at the effect of the crisis on the economic growth in Lebanon. Theoretical literature reviews. 1) Tourism: For Faysal Itani (2016) Lebanon tourism pays the price of the Syria’s war. It threatens the economic growth of the country. †¢ Several foreign countries (US, UK, Canada) place bans, formal or informal, on travel to Lebanon due to securityRead MorePublic Debt And Political Changes Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages10 shows that, the sharp decline in the rate of economic growth occurred in 2011, the most reasonable explanation for that is the occurrence of 25th of January revolution. This low rate of economic growth continues during period of political instability below its potential growth rate, and it began to improve only after the 30th of June revolution and the partial regaining ofpolitical stability after presidential election in 2014. With economic growth rates that are below their potential rates it wasRead MoreCorporal Punishment in Schools1531 Words   |  7 Pagesimplement to be used, the number of strokes that may be administered, which members of staff may carry it out, and whether parents must be informed or consulted. Depending on how narrowly the regulations are drawn and how rigorously enforced, this has the effect of making the punishment a structured ceremony that is legally defensible in a given jurisdiction and of inhibiting staff from lashing out on the spur of the moment. The first country in the world to prohibit corporal punishment was Poland in 1783  [4]Read MoreCorruption in Indonesia946 Words   |  4 PagesCulture of corruption is deeply entrenched in Indonesian society and remains an ongoing challenge for Indonesia (Temple, 2001). Under Suharto’s regime, corruption was centralized in which the collection of bribes was dominated by government (Macintyre, 2003). In other words, individual officials were prohibited to maximize their personal gains (Temple, 2001). After the Suharto’s fall, Indonesia became more democratic and decentralized which were likely to confront corruption. However, corruption has gottenRead MoreIn Many Developing Countries, Corruption Is A Barrier To1371 Words   |  6 PagesIn many developing countries, corruption is a barrier to economic growth. Corruption can prevent the fair allocation of goods and services to citizens by trickling to aspects of everyday life. On a macroeconomic level, scholars are of the belief that corruption hinders economic growth and development (Mauro, 1995). Definition Corruption is often described as a cancer, one official simply referred to it as â€Å"the AIDs of democracy† (Johnston, 1996). Corruption has been defined in a variety of ways,Read MoreThe Relationship Between Democracy And The Gdp1215 Words   |  5 Pageson a country and it’s economic success. After exploring previous investigations between democracy and the economy, and creating an empirical research design to evaluate the relationship between the growth or decline of democracy and the economic well being of the country; the final crucial step is to analyze whether a relationship between the two exists. It is my hypothesis that in evaluating the data, it will show that as democracy increases, so does the economic growth of a country. In this